Begin your private day trip from Khiva or Urgench with a convenient pickup from the airport, train station, or your hotel. It’s best to start in the morning after breakfast to make the most of this full-day desert adventure. The first stop is Dumon Kala, a fortress composed of three connected sections, including a square western citadel with corner towers, a smaller eastern citadel, and the remnants of a northern enclosure, offering fascinating insight into early Khorezm defensive design. Next, explore Guldursun Kala, a fortified town whose 12th-century walls still stand, with archaeological finds such as pottery, bronze items, and coins dating to 1220, reflecting the era of Muhammad Khorezmshah and the Mongol invasions.

The journey continues to Angka Kala, established during the Late Antique period of Khorezm (1st–3rd centuries CE), guarding the eastern caravan trade routes of the Kushan Empire. Afterward, visit Janbas Kala, notable for its Early Antique fortification system; all four flanking walls remain in good condition, reaching up to 20 meters high, with steep loopholes allowing archers to defend the fortress effectively. Then, enjoy a break at Akchakul Lake, a serene desert oasis with yurts, lakeside restaurants, and opportunities for swimming or sand baths.

The tour proceeds to Ayaz Kala, one of the region’s most spectacular fortress complexes, consisting of three fortresses atop a hill at the eastern end of the Sultan-Uiz-dahg range, dating to the 7th–8th centuries CE. Next, visit Toprak Kala, the royal residence of the Khorezm kings during the Kushan period, first a sanctuary and later an administrative citadel. Finally, stop at Kyzyl Kala, originally built in the 1st–4th centuries CE and rebuilt in the 12th–13th centuries, possibly as a garrison or fortified manor house. Return to Khiva or Urgench at the end of the day with unforgettable memories of Khorezm’s desert fortresses and Uzbekistan’s rich cultural heritage.